WHAT IS CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE WITH RISK FACTORS AND TREATMENT GUIDELINES

WHAT IS CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE WITH RISK FACTORS AND TREATMENT GUIDELINES 

What Is Coronary Artery?

Artery is a thick walled muscular blood vessel,which brings the blood away from heart to the other parts of the body. Arteries contain red oxygenated blood.  Coronary arteries are the main arteries which carries oxygenated blood from heart or aorta. It has branches and help to supply oxygen rich blood to all parts of the body.

What Is Coronary Artery Disease?

When fat or hard cholesterol substances (plaques) deposited within inner wall of the coronary arteries, then blood circulation of our body or blood flow has got interrupted, in such condition heart does not get enough oxygen because of coronary artery were narrowed or blocked, this condition where coronary arteries are not able to flow blood properly is called coronary artery disease. It is also known as CAD, coronary heart disease or atherosclerotic heart disease.

It has risk factors of death, if not get treatment on time. It is a life-threatening health issue.

Most of the death causes are patient with coronary artery disease in America and rest of the world too.

Signs and Symptoms of Coronary Artery Disease 

Most common symptoms of coronary artery disease is angina or angina pectoris, sometimes it defined as chest pain.

Other symptoms like chest discomfort, chest heaviness, chest tightness, chest pressure, aching, burning, numbness and fullness. Sometimes misunderstand with heart burn or indigestion.

Coronary artery disease also has symptoms like shortness of breath (difficulty with breathing), nausea and vomiting, lightheadedness, sweating or cold sweats, irregular heartbeat or palpitation, pain in other area like left shoulder, jaw, neck and stomach.

Clinical Name of Coronary Artery Disease

Atherosclerotic heart disease/Ischemic heart disease.

Short form of Coronary Artery Disease 
CAD/heart disease.

Screening or Tests for Coronary Artery Disease

ECG or EKG (Electrocardiogram).
Echocardiogram.
Cardiac catheterization.
Coronary angiogram.
Exercise stress test.
Coronary angiography.
CT scan.

What is Angina or Angina Pectoris?

Angina defined as a severe or constricting pain in the chest. Angina pectoris characterized or defined as pain in the chest of coronary origin occurring in response to progressively less exercise or fewer other stimuli than ordinarily required to produce angina, often leading to myocardial infarction, if untreated.

Most Common Types of Coronary Artery Disease or Angina

Stable Angina (CSA):  Stable angina is the common form of angina or chest pain. It occurs when our heart work hard and needs more oxygen such as exercising or running and on resting it goes away, it that situation our narrowed artery can be the cause of that type of angina.

Unstable Angina (UA):  While chest pain goes more severe and not go away with resting, this type of chest pain called unstable angina. It is also known as acute coronary syndrome (ACS). It is very difficult to distinguish unstable angina from NSTEMI (non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction).  This type of pain lasts more than 20 minutes and it is managed by nitroglycerin. Unstable angina has more risk factors than the stable angina.

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Causes of Coronary Artery Disease

• Family history (genetic).
• High cholesterol levels.
• Hypertension (high blood pressure).
• Diabetes.
• Lack of exercise.
• Obesity.
• Smoking.

Risk Factors of Coronary Artery Disease: The most common risk factors are,

• Ischemia or acute heart attack.
• Inflammation of the heart (myocariditis).
• Pericarditis.
• Cardiomyopathy (Heart failure).

Coronary artery disease also has some gastrointestinal risk factors like heartburn, gallstone, varicose veins, esophageal stricture, gastroesophageal reflux disease etc.

Coronary artery disease also has some pulmonary risk factors like pulmonary embolus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumothorax, pneumonia, pleuritis.

Chest pain or angina sometimes had some psychological issues like panic attacks, anxiety disorder, stress.

Diet 
Heart healthy diet, low-sodium and low-fat diet.

Is Coronary Artery Disease is a curable disease?

No, you can manage with low-intensity exercise, diet, medicine, surgery etc.

Remedies or Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease

Maintain a normal body weight.
Regular exercise.
Healthy diet.
Smoking cessation.

Treatment

Consult Cardiologist. Other treatment like medicine, coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG), percutaneous coronary intervention PCI  (Angioplasty) or stent placement.

Best Cardiac Hospitals in U.S.

Top Cardiac Hospitals In India

Fortis Escort Heart Institute, Delhi.

KIMS, Trivandrum, Kerala.

Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Science, Bangalore.

Apollo Cardiac Center, Delhi.

Narayana Hrudayalaya, Bangalore

B.M. Birla Heart Research Center, Kolkata

Asian Heart Institute and Research Center, Mumbai.

Manipal Heart Foundation, Bangalore

N.M. Nadia Institute of Cardiology, Pune.

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